| abstract |
In one embodiment, provided is a fuel cell with an anode comparment and a cathode compartment comprising: in the anode compartment, an anode electrode andone or more dehydrogenase enzymes effective to tranfer electrons from a C1 compound comprising carbon, oxygen and hydrogen (optionally consisting of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) to electron carrier(s), and wherein or further comprising one of the following: (i) the elctron carrier(s) are selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes and to be effective to deliver electrons to the anode electrode, (ii) the electron carrier(s) are selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes and to be effective to deliver electrons to the anode electrode, wherein the anode compartment further comprises the electron transfer mediator(s), (iii) the electron carrier(s) are selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes and to be effective to deliver electrons to a redox enzyme, the redox enzyme is selected to be effective to deliver elctrons to second electron carrier(s), the second electron carrier(s) selected to be effective to deliver electrons to the anode electrode, wherein the anode compartment furthe r comprises the redox enzyme, second electron carrier(s) and electron transfer mediator(s); in the cathode compartment, a cathode eletrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor compositon in the cathode compartment; and a barrier separating the anode compartment form the cathdoe compartemtn but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment. |