http://rdf.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubchem/patent/EP-0731389-A1

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filingDate 1996-03-08-04:00^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>
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publicationDate 1996-09-11-04:00^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>
publicationNumber EP-0731389-A1
titleOfInvention Toner and non-contact developing method using the same
abstract A toner which can exhibit 5 nN or less of inter-particle force calculated by the following equation (1) when the toner is laminated and carried on a toner carrier: Fv = q·E - Fi n where Fv is an inter-particle force, q · E is a Coulomb force calculated by the following equation: q·E = q·{Vb + (Q/M)·δ·P·dt 1 ​ 2 /(2εoε T )}/(ε T·g + dt 1 ) n where Fi is an image-force calculated by the following equation (3): Fi = {(W 1 ·πd 3 ·δ) / (6 εo ε T )}·(Q/M) 2 n where q is a quantity of charge [C] of the toner particle to be developed, E is an electric field strength [V/m] acting on the toner layer, Q/M is a toner charge-to-mass ratio [mC/g], W 1 is an amount of toner separated by development among the toner laminated and carried on the toner carrier, εo is a vacuum dielectric constant [C/(V·m)], ε T is an apparent specific dielectric constant [C/(V·m)] of the toner layer, d is an average particle size [µm] of the toner, δ is a true density [g/cm 3 ] of the toner, g is a gap [mm] between the outermost surface of the toner on the toner carrier and the electrostatic latent image holder, dt 1 is a thickness [µm] of the toner layer on the toner carrier, Vb is a development bias voltage [V] and P is a toner packing rate. n The present invention provides a toner and a non-contact developing method using the same which realize stable flying-development by suppressing to 5 nN or less the inter-particle force of the toner other than the image-force acting on the toner laminated and carried on the toner carrier.
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