| abstract |
Aldoketene dimer sizing agents that can efficiently impart both oil and water sizing properties to paper, of an unsaturated β-lactone structure containing terminal perfluoralkyl groups separated from the ketene moiety by at least three carbon atoms, which may be attached to a halogen other than fluorine, or an ether, ester, secondary amide, ketone, thioether, tertiary amine, or a side chain having oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or fluorine functionality. |