| abstract |
Copolymers of aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and unsaturated monomers have been formed by gradually and simultaneously adding monomers and initiator, to a reaction vessel initially containing water at a temperature suitable for polymerization. The polymerization reaction is conducted in the presence of a metal salt activator. The copolymers have consistent compositions and superior properties as antiscalants, dispersants and incrustation inhibitors. |