| abstract |
A water-in-oil emulsion comprises: (A) a continuous oily phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a reduced amount of an emulsifier composed of at least one salt derived from (C) (I), at least one anhydride or carboxylic acid substituted with hydrocarbyl, or an ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride , the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having on average between 20 and 500 carbon atoms approximately, with ammonia gas (C) (II), at least one alkali or one alkaline earth metal, and / or at least an alkaline or alkaline earth metal compound; and (D) an effective amount of at least one water-soluble and oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase. |