| abstract |
New branched-chain unsatd. fatty materials (I) are obtainable by reacting unsatd. fatty materials (II) with nitriles (III) and/or acetylenically unsatd. hydrocarbons (IV) in the presence of an Sn halide. (II) are pref. fatty acids of formula R1OH (IIa), esters of formula R2OR3 (IIb) or triglycerides of formula (IIc). R1, R2 and R4-R6 = 6-24C aliphatic acyl contg. 1-5 double bonds, R3 = 1-4C alkyl. (III) and (IV) are pref. of formula R7(CH2)nCN (IIIa) and (IVa) respectively, where R7 = Me, Ph or CN, R8 and R9 = Me, Ph, CN, OH, COOH or COOR10, R10 = 1-4C alkyl, n, p and q = 0-10. The reaction is effected in propylene carbonate (PC) at 30-150 deg.C and 1-10 bar for 1-1500 min. in the presence of 0.1-5 mole % SnCl4. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) are useful as lubricant additives, esp. pour point depressants. Use of noble metal catalysts is avoided (cf. Compr. Organomet. Chem. 8, 426, 1982). In an example, a mixt. of 7.4 g. methyl oleate, 5.7 g. acetylenedicarboxylic acid and 324 mg. SnCl4 was stirred in an autoclave at 130 deg.C and autogenous pressure (3-5 bar) for 24 hrs. An adduct was obtd. as a dark red liq. in a yield of 50%. |