| abstract |
Process for the pretreatment of surfaces made of steel, galvanized steel and / or aluminum and / or their alloys, in which phosphating is carried out in a first process step with a low-nickel zinc phosphating solution, in a second process step the phosphated surfaces are rinsed with an aqueous solution which is 0.001 to 10 g / l contains lithium ions, copper ions and / or silver ions, and in a third process step applies a low-lead cathodic electrodeposition lacquer which contains no more than 0.05% by weight of lead, based on the dry substance of the immersion lacquer. |