| abstract |
This article relates to biomarkers for the treatment of anemia. Provided herein are methods of treating diseases associated with anemia or ineffective erythropoiesis by using the level and/or activity of ligands for activin receptors, particularly growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), which is an indication of the patient's response to treatment, the efficacy of treatment, or the appropriate dose of treatment with an activin type II receptor inhibitor. |