| abstract |
An electroactive device can include (1) an electroactive polymer element having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the electroactive polymer element comprising a nanovoided polymer material, (2) adjacent to the electroactive A primary electrode of the first surface of the polymer element, and (3) a secondary electrode adjacent to the second surface of the electroactive polymer element. Electroactive polymer elements can be deformed from an initial state to a deformed state by applying an electrostatic field generated by the potential difference between the main and secondary electrodes. Various other devices, systems and methods are also disclosed. |