| abstract |
A photoelectric conversion element is provided, comprising a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode, wherein the hole transport layer and the second electrode are in contact with each other, and the hole transport layer satisfies The following formula: 0%<Rc(50)≤0.75%, wherein the average thickness of the hole transport layer is measured as X (nm), and Rc(50) is the convexity from the standard line to the second electrode The area ratio of the exit portion, wherein the standard line exists at a position X+50 (nm) from the surface of the hole transport layer opposite to the surface in contact with the hole transport layer and the second electrode. |