| abstract |
The present invention relates to systems and methods for monitoring hybrid energy storage devices, and discloses a battery and supercapacitor system for a vehicle comprising a lithium-ion battery (LIB) having a first electrode and a second electrode and having a third electrode and a fourth electrode. Electrodes of supercapacitors. The first reference electrode is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and is configured to measure a first potential at a location between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second reference electrode is disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode and is configured to measure a second potential at a location between the third electrode and the fourth electrode. The first electrode may be connected to the third electrode and the second electrode may be connected to the fourth electrode. The first and second reference electrodes may not be connected to any of the first, second, third, or fourth electrodes. |