| abstract |
Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to methods and apparatus for simultaneous production and separation processes. The apparatus provides a membrane assembly including a substrate, a catalytic layer, and a membrane layer. The catalytic layer includes nano-sized sulfur-tolerant catalysts and/or particles. Thus, the plant can operate in both sulfur-free and sulfur-containing (sour gas) environments for water-gas shift (WGS) reactions while maintaining high reaction conversions. Also disclosed herein are methods for forming catalytic membranes. In one embodiment, a method of forming a lanthanide-containing oxysulfate nanocatalyst is provided. |