| abstract |
A closed loop insulin delivery system is disclosed. More specifically, the insulin delivery systems of the present disclosure may comprise glucose responsive vesicles that release insulin in response to hypoxia triggered by enzymatic reduction of glucose. Additionally or instead of insulin, the delivery system may release other diabetes therapeutics, such as non-insulin diabetic therapeutics. Vesicles can be prepared from hypoxia-sensitive polymers, such as hypoxia-sensitive hyaluronic acid (HS-HA). HS‑HA can contain hydrophobic groups that can be reduced in an anoxic environment to form hydrophilic groups. Vesicles can be loaded into microneedles and microneedle array patches used to treat diabetes or otherwise regulate blood glucose levels in subjects in need of such treatment. |