| abstract |
The present invention provides novel cell permeable succinates and cell permeable succinate precursors aimed at increasing ATP-production in mitochondria. A major fraction of ATP produced and utilized in eukaryotic cells originates from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a process by which high-energy electrons are donated to them via the Krebs cycle. Not all Krebs cycle intermediates readily permeate through the cell membrane, one of which is succinate. The provided novel cell-permeable succinates are assumed to be permissible across cell membranes, and thus cell-permeable succinates can be used to enhance mitochondrial ATP-export. |