| abstract |
A piezoelectric element having a higher piezoelectric constant is provided, and a liquid discharge head, an ultrasonic motor, and a dust removing device respectively using the above piezoelectric element are also provided. The piezoelectric element includes at least a pair of electrodes and a piezoelectric material provided in contact with the pair of electrodes, the piezoelectric material is formed of an aggregate of crystal grains mainly composed of barium titanate, and the crystal grains of the aggregate Among the grains, at least a crystal grain in contact with an electrode has a dislocation layer in the grain. The liquid discharge head, the ultrasonic motor, and the dust removal device use the above piezoelectric elements, respectively. |