| abstract |
Provided are methods for treating cardiovascular diseases and related conditions and symptoms (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia, vascular disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and restenosis), comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an electrokinetically altered aqueous fluid as described herein. In particular aspects, the electrokinetically altered aqueous fluids comprise an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures predominantly having an average diameter of less than about 100 nanometers and sufficient to provide modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Provided are routes of administration or formulations for the electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., electrokinetically-altered gas-enriched fluids and solutions) and therapeutic compositions, along with use of the electrokinetically altered aqueous fluids in surgical contexts, including but not limited to cardiovascular related surgeries. Additionally provided are methods for measuring biological activity of electrokinetically altered fluids. |