| abstract |
The invention provides a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds by reaction thereof with carbon monoxide and a coreactant in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by combining (a) a source of a Group VIII metal cation, (b) a phosphine, arsine or stibine compound acting as a ligand; and (c) a source of anions, other than halide anions, carried out in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of halide anions and/or - in case of a coreactant other than an aromatic alcohol - in the presence of a phenolic promoter. It also provides novel alkylphenol esters that find use as synthetic lubricant. |