abstract |
serum and urine biomarkers associated with diabetic nephropathy. use of urine and serum biomarkers in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy, staging diabetic nephropathy, monitoring the progress of diabetic nephropathy and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for diabetic nephropathy. these markers include urine precursor alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, urine alpha-1 antitrypsin, urine alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, urine osteopontin, serum osteopontin and its fragments and combinations thereof. |