http://rdf.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubchem/author/MD5_1732cf8b3769409b163277da8a37796d
Outgoing Links
Predicate | Object |
---|---|
family-name | Yoshihiro Kawaoka Kawaoka |
name | Yoshihiro Kawaoka |
given-name | Yoshihiro |
organization-name | Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,6 Japan;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537065 Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA;University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin—Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin , USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711; and; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, TN 38101; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, 800 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163; and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706 Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evaluational Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333; Hokkaido University, School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin , USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection, and Advanced Research Center, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,3 Japan, and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathological Science, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project (JST), Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Tottori Tottori 680; Kurashiki Central Hospital Kurashiki Okayama 710; Children's Medical Center Okayama National Hospital Okayama Okayama 700 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan;; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381051;; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee— Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 381633 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Special Pathogens International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA; Department of Special Pathogens International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Madison-Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 830905, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905; and Institut für Mikro- und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurter Strasse 107, 35392 Giessen,... Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin , USA St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381012 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0021, Japan Director, Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute Project Professor, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Japan Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381015;; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 381638 Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host-Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan; and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, and; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Research Center for Global Viral Diseases National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ‡Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA; Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Infection‐Induced Host Responses Project Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Saitama Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537065; and; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan6 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012 Japan; Creative Research Initiative, Sousei, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin , USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu. Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokaneda, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0021, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 †Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639,1 and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA ‡Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan;; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan;; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan; and; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706. 3 Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA; 4 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381051;; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee at Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 381636; and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537067 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,7 and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537065 Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. 2Division of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; 3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,3 Japan, and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Influenza Research Institute; Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin, USA; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Science, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, Memphis, TN 38101 Department of Veterinary Microbiology Tottori University Tottori Tottori 680 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Special Pathogens, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison WI USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo 108‐8639 Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama 332‐0012 Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A. University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐ Madison Wisconsin USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537061; Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381052;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537063; and; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 381634 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381011;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 537065 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine,1 and; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan3 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706;; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and; Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project (JST), Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706;; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; and; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin , USA Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537063 1 JST ERATO KAWAOKA Infection−induced Host Responses Project, Tokyo, Japan, 2Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 3The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA, 5Institute of Medical Science, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, 6Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, 7Open Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa and 8Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; 1 JST ERATO KAWAOKA Infection−induced Host Responses Project, Tokyo, Japan, 2Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 3The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA, 5Institute of Medical Science, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, 6Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, 7Open Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa and 8Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; 1 JST ERATO KAWAOKA Infection−induced Host Responses Project, Tokyo, Japan, 2Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 3The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA, 5Institute of Medical Science, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, 6Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, 7Open Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa and 8Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, University of Tokyo , Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Division of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105-2794; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institut für Mikro- und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurter Strasse 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany; and Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee,... Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639,3Japan, and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062 Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA; Infection and Advanced Research Center The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness Tokyo Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA *Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku,Tokyo, Japan. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA. Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537061;; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639,4Japan Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo 108‐8639; ERATO Infection‐Induced Host Responses Project Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Saitama 332‐0012; Department of Special Pathogens International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo 108‐8639; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Science Drive Madison WI 53711 USA; Laboratory of Bioresponses Regulation Department of Biological Responses Institute for Virus Research Kyoto University Kyoto Kyoto 606‐8507 Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 381051;; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062;; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 381635 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. ERATO Kawaoka Infection-induced Host Responses Project; The Institute of Medical Science, The Universitiy of Tokyo Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Bioresponses Regulation, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 4-6-1, Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 102-0076, Japan. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, , Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537061; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706;; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Dr. Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4 Chome-6-1 Shirokanedai Minato City, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 1 Chome-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku City , Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 and; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,3 Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Special Pathogens, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunoslogy Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA; Department of Special Pathogens International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Science, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537064; and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Japan4; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan3; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA1 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ‡Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711;; ¶Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706;Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Kikuchi Research Center, Kawabe Kyokushi Kikuchi, Kumamoto 869-1298, Japan; and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Tottori Tottori 680; Department of Virology and Rickettsiology National Institute of Health Shinagawa‐ku Tokyo 141 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan;; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan;; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792; and; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, TN 38101; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tennessee, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163; Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases,... Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711 Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison, WI; Division of Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Zoonosis, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University Of Tokyo, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Department of Basic Medical Science, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Infection and Advanced Research (UTOPIA) Center, The University of Tokyo, Pandemic Preparedness, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan University of Wisconsin—Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 and; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan2 Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan; Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison WI , USA Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan; Center for Global Viral Infections National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639,5 Japan, and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537066 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 and; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,3 Japan Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; and; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan International Research Center for Infectious Diseases and; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; and; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711 Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 |
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